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Nutrition and alimentation in pregnancy
ŠTĚPÁNKOVÁ, Petra
The bachelor thesis entitled Nutrition and Alimentation in pregnancy deals with the definition of pregnancy, nutrition before conception, energy requirements and weight gain in pregnancy, nutrition during pregnancy, alternative directions in nutrition during pregnancy and addictive substances in pregnancy. Nutrition is an essential part of the proper course of pregnancy and is needed for proper fetal development. Certain substances such as alcohol and heavy metals in predatory fish should be avoided during pregnancy as they can have a negative effect on the whole pregnancy, the woman and the baby. In this work, two objectives were set. The first objective was to find out the nutritional awareness of pregnant women and the second objective was to find out how pregnant women eat during pregnancy. The first objective was achieved through quantitative research, specifically through the questionnaire method and the second objective was achieved by collecting and analyzing dietary intake from ten pregnant respondents. A total of 128 pregnant women participated in the questionnaire survey. Through the research, it was found that the respondents get most information about nutrition in pregnancy from the internet and least information from a dietitian, lectures or from television and radio. Few fruits and vegetables were included in the diet, and on the contrary, a lot of dairy products were included. Nutrition is an essential part of life and also of pregnancy. It would therefore be advisable to inform pregnant women more about nutrition, for example through lectures given by a dietitian.
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Factors influencing weight gain in pregnncy
Vodrážková, Nicole ; Kaňková, Šárka (advisor) ; Horníková, Daniela (referee)
In this bachelor thesis I described different factors influencing weight gain in each trimester of pregnancy. There are factors influenced by a lifestyle, such as diet, physical activity, smoking, and BMI before pregnancy. There are also factors which are given individual dispositions, changes in metabolism and hormonal status of the organism. On this basis, this thesis deals with the consequences, that has excessive or insufficient weight gain in pregnancy for the mother and her fetus.
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Psychopathology of early-onset schizophrenia and its therapy with focus on atypical neuroleptics
Koblic Zedková, Iveta ; Hrdlička, Michal (advisor) ; Bareš, Martin (referee) ; Stárková, Libuše (referee)
OBJECTIVES: The aim of our study was to assess clinical presentation of early-onset schizophrenia spectrum disoders (EO-SSD), the time to first improvement and efficacy associated with selected atypical (AAPs) and typical (TAPs) antipsychotics, as well as two main side effects - weight gain and treatment-emergent extrapyramidal symptoms (EPSs) during the treatment in patients with EO-SSD. METHODS: This was a systematic chart review of all patients receiving routine clinical care in our department, with selected AAPs (risperidone, olanzapine, ziprasidone, quetiapine and clozapine) and TAPs (haloperidol, perphenazine and sulpiride), for schizophrenic psychoses, between 1997 and 2007. During this period, our review identified 173 patients (85 males, 88 females; mean age 15.8±1.6 years); their treatment included 297 treatment trials. Data on premorbid adjustment, prodromal symptoms and psychopathology at admission, as well as comorbidity were evaluated based on the patients' medical records. The time to first improvement could be estimated in 258 treatment trials; of these, 195 (76%) comprised AAPs and 63 (24%) TAPs. The time to first improvement was assessed in agreement with the methodology established for retrospective studies as the number of treatment days prior to the first record of improvement...
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Neuroanatomical aspects of nonGmotor effects of deep brain stimulation
Růžička, Filip ; Růžička, Evžen (advisor) ; Papežová, Hana (referee) ; Druga, Rastislav (referee)
Summery The underlying mechanisms of weight gain and other affective and cognitive changes after initiation of deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease are still unclear. Considering the functional organization within the subthalamic nucleus (STN); limbic, associative and sensorimotor regions residing in the medial, central and later STN respectively, we hypothesized that weight gain may be related to medial localization of stimulation, while motor improvement may be related to lateral localization of stimulation within the STN (study 1). We further hypothesized that stimulation close to the limbic and associative part of the STN may be associated with negative impact on limbic system leading to enhanced anxiety and changes in the hypothalamic- pituitary- adrenal axis (HPA)(study 2). Therefore, the primary aims our study were to assess changes in body weight (study 1) and the hypothalamic- pituitary- adrenal axis (HPA) (study 2) in relation to the position of the active stimulating contact within the nucleus. ...
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Weight changes in patients with Parkinson's disease treated with Deep Brain Stimulation.
Undus, Lucie ; Růžička, Evžen (advisor) ; Baláž, Marek (referee) ; Haninec, Pavel (referee)
1 Abstract Body weight changes have been described in the course of Parkinson's disease (PD) as well as following bilateral deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN DBS) performed in advanced PD. According to the literature weight changes occur in 50-100% of patients who undergo STN DBS. In the last 15 years extensive efforts have been put in understanding the underlying mechanisms behind the weight changes following STN DBS in advanced PD patients however many sources still report conflicting evidence. Improved motor status, reduction in dyskinesias, decrease in energy expenditure, dopaminergic medication reduction, modification of food intake, hormonal factors, regional effects of stimulation were all speculated to cause this weight gain. We hypothesized that patients who underwent STN DBS procedure in our center would gain weight as reported in the literature (study 1, study 2). The etiology of post STN DBS weight gain has not been fully elucidated up to date, in our second study we further hypothesized that the weight changes are due to dysregulation of food related hormones and parameters (study 2). In the third study we hypothesized that weight gain is associated with position of active electrode contact (study 3). Aims of the study: The primary aims of our studies were to assess body...
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Obese patient's weight profile.
Gorčíková, Michaela ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Zikán, Vít (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the issue of obesity, which is currently one of the most common metabolic diseases. The theoretical part summarizes the basic characteristics of obesity, epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, health complications and treatment options. The thesis aims to describe weight development in patients with 3rd degree obesity and to find out the main causes that are most involved in the rise and fall of weight. Data a graph of the weight development provided 57 obese individuals. Information was obtained in the form of a retrospective method in a personal interview on III. Internal Clinic - Clinic of Endocrinology and Metabolism of the General Teaching Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine of Charles University in Prague. All the collected data were then statistically evaluated in the form of tables and graphs. The most frequent cause of weight gain in the whole group is the combination of unhealthy eating and sedentary lifestyle (56%). Only women have most frequent cause of weight increases in a pregnancy (68%). Significant causes of weight gain include stress (46%), pharmacotherapy (46%), injury or surgery (40%). In contrast, the most frequent cause of weight loss for most patients was diet (65%), LCD and VLCD mode on bed (51%) and bariatric surgery (40%). Further results have...
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Factors influencing weight gain in pregnncy
Vodrážková, Nicole ; Kaňková, Šárka (advisor) ; Horníková, Daniela (referee)
In this bachelor thesis I described different factors influencing weight gain in each trimester of pregnancy. There are factors influenced by a lifestyle, such as diet, physical activity, smoking, and BMI before pregnancy. There are also factors which are given individual dispositions, changes in metabolism and hormonal status of the organism. On this basis, this thesis deals with the consequences, that has excessive or insufficient weight gain in pregnancy for the mother and her fetus.
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Factors influencing weight gain in pregnancy
Vodrážková, Nicole ; Kaňková, Šárka (advisor) ; Flegr, Jaroslav (referee)
In this bachelor thesis I described different factors influencing weight gain in each trimester of pregnancy. There are factors influenced by a lifestyle, such as diet, physical activity, smoking, and BMI before pregnancy. There are also factors which are given individual dispositions, changes in metabolism and hormonal status of the organism. On this basis, this thesis deals with the consequences, that has excessive or insufficient weight gain in pregnancy for the mother and her fetus.
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